Extradural, subdural, subarachnoid or intraparanchymal bleeding
Traumatic intracranial bleeding is a common complication of head injuries. It indicates the significance of the injury. Some of the bleeding are fatal or can leave the patient with significant life changing consequences.
Most patients with significant head injuries are treated in highly specialised neurosurgical or major trauma centres. Certain life saving procedures may be performed to evacuate the hemorrhage to relieve the pressure on the brain.
To do so, the skull bone needs to be either fenestrated (burr hole), or opened (craniotomy). Sometimes, parts of the skull are removed to give more space for the brain to expand in cases of severe brain swelling (Craniectomy). The cranial defect will be closed with implants (Cranioplasty) at a later stage once the patient passes the critical situation. The cranioplasty plates are usually formed from different materials subject to the surgeon preferences like titanium and peek.